ÉíÌåÈ´±»ÎÞÐεļÏËøÐìÐìÔ¼Êø
Ô˶¯ÐÔÄÜË¥ÍË£¬ÑÔÓïÏûÊÅ
Á¬×î»ù±¾µÄÍÌÑʺͺôÎü¶¼±äµÃ¼èÄÑ
ËÕÐѵØÑÛ¼û×Ô¼º×ßÏòéæÃü
Ê®ÄêÇ°µÄÏÄÈÕ
Ò»³¡Ï¯¾íÈ«ÇòµÄ¡°±ùÍ°ÌôÕ½¡±
ÇÿªÁ˹«ÖÚ¶Ô¡°½¥¶³Ö¢¡±µÄÈÏÖªÖ®ÃÅ
½ñÌìÊǵڶþÊ®Ëĸö¡°ÌìϽ¥¶³ÈËÈÕ¡±
ÈÃÎÒÃÇÒ»Æð¹Ø×¢ÓëÖ§³Ö½¥¶³Ö¢»¼Õß
ʲôÊǽ¥¶³Ö¢£¿
½¥¶³Ö¢£¬Ò½Ñ§ÉϳÆΪ¼¡Î®Ëõ²àË÷Ó²»¯Ö¢£¨Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, ALS£©£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÔ˶¯Éñ¾Ôª¼²²¡£¬Ó°Ïì´óÄԺͼ¹ËèÖеÄÉñ¾Ï¸°û£¨Éñ¾Ôª£©¡£1869Ä꣬·¨¹úÉñ¾²¡Ñ§¼ÒJean-Martin CharcotÊ״ᨵÀÁËALS£¬µ«Ö±µ½1939Ä꣬ǰŦԼÑó»ù¶Ó°ôÇòÔË·¢¶¯Â¬Ù¤À×±»Õï¶Ï»¼ÓÐALSºó£¬¸Ã²¡²Å»ñµÃÁËҽѧ½ç¸üÆÕ±éµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£
ALSÆð²¡ÒþÄ䣬¾³£´ÓÒ»´¦µÄ¼¡ÈâÖð½¥Éú³¤ÖÁÈ«Éí¶à¸ö²¿Î»£¬µ±Ó°Ïìµ½ºôÎüºÍÍÌÑÊÄÜÁ¦Ê±£¬»áÑÏÖØÓ°Ï컼ÕßµÄÉúÃüÖÊÁ¿£¬×îÖÕ»¼Õß¿ÉÄÜÓÉÓÚºôÎüÄÑÌ⡢Ǻ¿ÈÖÏÏ¢»òÕßÓªÑø²»Á¼µÈÎÊÌâÀëÊÀ¡£
È«Çò¹æÄ£ÄÚÔ¤¼ÆÿÄêÿ10ÍòÉú³ÝÖÐÓÐ2-3ÈËз¢ALS¡£´ó´ó¶¼ALS»¼ÕßÔÚÖÐÍíÄêʱÆÚ·¢²¡£¬¶à·¢ÓÚ50ÖÁ75Ëꡣƾ֤²¿·ÖÊ¢Ðв¡Ñ§Ñо¿µÄЧ¹û£¬ÖйúALS»¼Õߵķ¢²¡ÄêËêá¯ÁëÔÚ50Ëê×óÓÒ£¬²¢ÇÒÖð½¥³ÊÄêÇữÇ÷ÊÆ¡£ALS¼²²¡Ï£Íû¶àÑùÇÒ³£ÌåÏÖ³ö·ÇÏßÐÔϽµ£¬»¼Õßƽ¾ùÉúÑÄÆÚ3ÖÁ5Ä꣬Լ10%µÄ»¼Õß¿ÉÉúÑÄ10ÄêÒÔÉÏ¡£
½¥¶³Ö¢µÄ³ÉÒò
ALSµÄÏà¹ØÖ²¡ÒòËØ
ͼԴ×Բο¼ÎÄÏ×[2]
¶àÏîÑо¿Åú×¢£¬ALSµÄ·¢²¡Óë¶àÖÖÒòËØÏà¹Ø£¬°üÀ¨ÂÑ°×ÖʹýʧÕÛµþ¡¢ÒÅ´«±äÒì¡¢ÏßÁ£Ì幦ЧÕÏ°¡¢×ÔÊÉÕÏ°¡¢Éñ¾Ñ×Ö¢¡¢ºËÌǺËËá(RNA)ʧµ÷¡¢ÖáͻתÔ˸ı䡢³¦µÀ΢ÉúÎïÔÓÂÒµÈ[2]¡£
ÒÅ´«ÒòËØ
ALSÓе¥»ùÒòÒÅ´«¡¢¹Ñ»ùÒòÒÅ´«ºÍ¶à»ùÒòÒÅ´«¼¸ÖÖģʽ£¬Ãϵ¶û¼Ò×åÐÔALS±¬·¢ÔÚ10%-15%µÄ»¼ÕßÖУ¬µ«¼²²¡ÔÚ¼Ò×åÖÐÍâÏÔÂʲî±ð£¬µ«ÔÚÁíÍâ85%µÄ»¼ÕßÖУ¬È«»ùÒò×é¹ØÁª(GWAS)Ñо¿¿ÉÒÔ·¢Ã÷µ÷Àí¼²²¡Î£º¦ºÍ±íÐ͵ÄÓÐÊý±äÒìºÍ¡°¼Ò×åÐÔ¡±Í»±ä[3]¡£
ÔÚ¼Ò×åÐÔALSÖУ¬»ùÒò¼ì²âÄܹ»ÔÚÔ¼60%-80%µÄ²¡ÀýÖÐÃ÷È·Ö²¡Í»±ä£¬ÆäÖÐC9orf72»ùÒò±äÒìÕ¼±ÈÔ¼40%£¬Æä´ÎÊÇSOD1£¨20%£©¡¢FUS£¨1%-5%£©ºÍTARDBP£¨1%-5%£©¡£
¶øÔÚÉ¢·¢ÐÔALS²¡ÀýÖУ¬Ö»¹Ü±ÈÀý½ÏµÍ£¬C9orf72µÄÖ²¡ÐÔÖظ´À©ÔöÈÔȻռµ½5%-10%£¬SOD1¡¢FUSºÍTARDBPµÈ»ùÒòÍ»±äÔòºÏ¼ÆÓ°ÏìÔ¼1%-2%µÄ»¼Õß¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÒÑ·¢Ã÷Áè¼Ý30ÖÖ»ùÒòÓëALSÉú³¤Ç×½üÏà¹Ø[4]¡£
ÇéÐÎÒòËØ
¶àÖÖÇéÐÎÒòËػᵼÖÂÑõ»¯Ó¦¼¤Ë®Æ½Éý¸ß£¬´Ó¶øÔöÌíALSµÄ·¢²¡Î£º¦¡£ÕâЩÒòËØ°üÀ¨ÖؽðÊô¡¢Å©Ò©µÈÇéÐζ¾ËعýÔØ£¬ÒÔ¼°²¡¶¾Ñ¬È¾¡¢Éñ¾¶¾ËØ̻¶ºÍµç´Å·øÉäµÈ¡£
ÉúÑÄ·½·¨·½Ã棬´ó¶¼Ñо¿ÌáÐÑÎüÑ̲»µ«ÌáÉýALS·¢²¡Î£º¦£¬»¹¿ÉÄܸøALSÔ¤ºó´øÀ´¸ºÃæÓ°Ïì¡£±ðµÄ£¬ºã¾Ã´ÓʸßÇ¿¶ÈÌåÁ¦ÀͶ¯Ò²¿ÉÄܼӾçÉíÌåÓ¦¼¤×´Ì¬£¬´Ó¶øÔöÌíALS·¢²¡Î£º¦¡£
Ïà±È֮ϣ¬Òûʳϰ¹ßÓëALSÖ®¼äµÄÁªÏµÉв»Ã÷È·£¬Ø½´ý¸ü¶àÉîÈëºÍÆÕ±éµÄÑо¿À´Ì½ÌÖ¶þÕßÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÁª[5]¡£
½¥¶³Ö¢µÄÖÎÁÆ
ALSËäÈ»ÉÐÎÞ¸ùÖÎÒªÁ죬µ«Î§ÈÆÌá¸ßÉúÑÄÖÊÁ¿¡¢ÑÓ»º¼²²¡Ï£ÍûµÄ½¹µãÄ¿µÄ£¬ÖÎÁÆÕ½ÂÔ¾Û½¹ÓÚÒÔϼ¸¸öÒªº¦·½Ã棺
1.ÔçÆÚÕï¶ÏÓë¸ÉÔ¤£º¾¡Ôçʶ±ðALSµÄÖ¢×´²¢È·ÕïÖÁ¹ØÖ÷Òª¡£ÔçÆÚ×îÏÈÖÎÁÆ¿ÉÄÜÓÐÖúÓÚÑÓ»º¼²²¡Ï£Íû£¬Ìá¸ß»¼ÕßÉúÑÄÖÊÁ¿¡£
2.¼²²¡ÐÞÊÎÖÎÁÆ£ºÊ¹ÓÃÒ©ÎïÈçÀû³ßò (Rilutek)ºÍÒÀ´ïÀ·î£¨Radicava£©µÈ£¬ÉÔ΢ÑÓ»º²¡ÇéÉú³¤£¬¼õ»ºÉñ¾ÍË»¯ËÙÂÊ¡£
3.¶ÔÖ¢Ö§³ÖÁÆ·¨£º
ºôÎüÖ§³Ö£ºËæ׿²²¡Ï£Íû£¬ºôÎü¹¦Ð§Öð½¥Ï÷Èõ£¬Ê¹ÓÃÎÞ´´»òÓд´Í¨Æø×°±¸Ö§³ÖºôÎü£¬±ÜÃâºôÎüË¥½ß£¬ÊÇά³ÖÉúÃüµÄÒªº¦¡£
ÓªÑø¹ÜÀí£º¶¨ÖÆÓªÑøÍýÏ룬ʹÓÃÌØÊâÒûʳ»òÓªÑøÔö²¹¼Á£¬ÒÔ¼°ÍÌÑÊÖÎÁÆ£¬È·±£»¼Õß»ñµÃ×ã¹»ÓªÑø£¬ïÔÌÎüÈëÐÔ·ÎÑ×µÄΣº¦¡£
ÎïÀíÓ뿵¸´ÖÎÁÆ£ºÍ¨¹ýÎïÀíÖÎÁÆά³ÖÊàŦÎÞаÐÔ£¬Ê¹Óø¨Öú×°±¸¼á³ÖÐж¯ÄÜÁ¦£»ÑÔÓïÖÎÁÆ×ÊÖú¸ÄÉÆÏàͬÄÜÁ¦¡£
4.ÐÄÀíÓëÉç»áÖ§³Ö£ºÌṩÐÄÀí×Éѯ£¬×ÊÖú»¼Õß¼°Æä¼ÒÍ¥Ó¦¶ÔÇéÐ÷ѹÁ¦£¬½¨ÉèÉç»áÖ§³ÖÍøÂç¡£
mg±ùÇòÍ»ÆƹÙÍøÍøÕ¾½¥¶³Ö¢»ùÒò¼ì²âÕûÌå½â¾ö¼Æ»®
½¥¶³Ö¢»ùÒòÌåÏֶȲî±ð£¬»ùÒò¼ì²â¿ÉÒÔ¸¨Öú¼²²¡µÄÕï¶Ï²¢Õ¹ÏÖ¼Ò×åÒÅ´«Î£º¦¡£mg±ùÇòÍ»ÆƹÙÍøÍøÕ¾ÒÑÍê³ÉÁËÊý°ÙÀýÖйúALSÐÐÁеĻùÒò¼ì²â£¬ÒÀ¸½¸»ºñµÄÂÄÀú£¬¿ÉÌṩALS»ùÒò¼ì²âÕûÌå½â¾ö¼Æ»®¡£
ΪALS»¼Õß»òÒÉËÆ»¼Õߣ¬×ö»ùÒò¼ì²âÓÐʲôÒâÒ壿
Ò»ÊÇƾ֤»ùÒò¼ì²âЧ¹ûÖúÁ¦ÁÙ´²Ò½ÉúÃ÷È·Õï¶Ï£»¶þÊÇͨ¹ýÃ÷È·Ö²¡»ùÒò£¬ÌáÐѼÒ×åÏà¹Ø³ÉÔ±µÄ»¼²¡Î£º¦£¬²¢¿ÉÖ¸µ¼ÓÅÉúÓÅÓý¡£
¼ÒÀïÓÐÈËÊÇALS»¼Õߣ¬µ«×Ô¼ºÏÖÔÚûÓÐÁÙ´²Ö¢×´£¬ÊÇ·ñÓÐÐëÒª¾ÙÐлùÒò¼ì²â£¿
¾ßÓмÒ×岡ʷµÄÈËȺ¼ALSµÄΣº¦Ïà¶ÔÆ«¸ß£¬ÓÈÆäÊǼÒ×åÖб£´æ¶àÃûALS»¼Õߣ¬¼´Îª¼Ò×åÐÔALS£¬¾ß±¸½ÏÇ¿µÄÒÅ´«Ç÷ÏòÐÔ¡£»ùÒò¼ì²âЧ¹û³ÊÑôÐÔÕßδÀ´·¢²¡µÄ¸ÅÂÊÆĸߣ¬È»¶ø»ùÒò¼ì²âЧ¹ûΪÒõÐÔ²¢²»¿ÉȫȻɨ³ý·¢²¡µÄΣº¦£¬ÊÂʵALSµÄ·¢²¡»¹Êܵ½ÇéÐεÈÆäËûÖî¶àÒòËصÄÖÆÔ¼¡£ÐèҪעÖصÄÊÇ£¬ALSµÄ·¢²¡ÄêËêͨ³£¼¯ÖÐÓÚÖÐÍíÄê½×¶Î£¬Òò¶øÔÚ¾öÒéÊÇ·ñ¾ÙÐлùÒò¼ì²â֮ǰ£¬Ðè³ä·ÖȨºâ×ÔÉíËùÄÜÔâÊܵÄÐÄÀíѹÁ¦¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
1.eldman EL, Goutman SA, Petri S, Mazzini L, Savelieff MG, Shaw PJ, Sobue G. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet. 2022 Oct 15;400(10360):1363-1380.
2.Jiang S, Xu R. The Current Potential Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Jun 3.
3.Goutman SA, Hardiman O, Al-Chalabi A, Chi¨® A, Savelieff MG, Kiernan MC, Feldman EL. Emerging insights into the complex genetics and pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2022 May;21(5):465-479.
4.Van Es MA. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; clinical features, differential diagnosis and pathology. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2024;176:1-47.
5. ¼¡Î®Ëõ²àË÷Ó²»¯Õï¶ÏºÍÖÎÁÆÖйúר¼Ò¹²Ê¶2022. ÖлªÉñ¾¿ÆÔÓÖ¾, 2022,55(6) : 581-588.